Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the double random phase encoding optical encryption system (DRPE) is easy to be cryptographically analyzed, this paper proposes an image encryption scheme combining dual random phase encoding and AES. The main idea of the algorithm is to first design the random phase version and AES target key by using the chaotic sequence iteratively generated by the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, thereby expanding Key space and enhanced key randomness to improve system security.A double encryption is implemented by implanting AES encryption algorithm on the second lens output surface of DRPE.Simulation experiments show that comparing to the similar encryption algorithms, the algorithm enhances the randomness of the encryption system key, and makes the ciphertext correlation coefficient lower, and also overcomes the invalidation of the second lens of the double random phase encoding, which has high security.