Abstract: This article discusses and solves the defects of the LEACH clustering algorithm, such as the number of Cluster head is unstable, and network energy consumption is unbalanced. The method of ant colony pheromone update on the environment is used in node sleep scheduling of WSN, through the calculation of average energy within the network, this paper presents an ant scheduling algorithm based on energy preference for sensor networks. Simulation results on target tracking experiments show that the proposed algorithm maintains superior detection ability while taking uniform energy consumption and extending the network life cycle.