Abstract: The paper proposed a wireless sensor network data aggregation method based on the improved ant colony algorithm: making use of the advantages of ant colony algorithm in searching for the shortest path, the paper construct the shortest path tree. At the same time, the energy consumption, network energy balance and data transmission delay should be considered. Simulate the network model and algorithm with C++. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the amount of data transmission network, improve the efficiency of data integration and extend the network lifetime.