Distributed energy neutral clustering protocol based on duty cycle

For a wireless sensor network with heterogeneous energy collection capabilities under solar irradiation, a distributed energy neutral clustering routing protocol based on duty cycle is proposed. In the protocol, the node combines the predicted value of solar radiation intensity and its own energy conversion efficiency to derive the energy harvesting ability, maintains energy neutrality by following two duty cycles. First, the nodes selected from the network that satisfy the cluster head duty cycle are defined as temporary cluster head sets to balance network energy consumption and ensure node energy neutrality. Secondly, a set of uniformly distributed optimal cluster heads is selected from the temporary cluster heads, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and improve throughput. Finally, the member node adjusts the frequency of sending data according to the data transmission duty cycle in order to obtain the best energy consumption efficiency. Through simulation analysis, this protocol can theoretically reach an infinite network lifetime. Compared with other protocols, it has obvious advantages in improving network throughput and reducing the number of cluster failures.