Design of FPGA-based 16-bit Stack Processor

This paper introduces a 16-bit stack processor for embedded control.The stack processor has two stacks: a data stack for evaluating mathematical expression and a return stack for calling subroutine.The instruction set includes 35 stack instructions.The architecture and design of the stack processor are presented.Not only a simple and effective instruction encoding is adopted to reduce the code size, but also the method to operate multiple stack elements in a single cycle is proposed.The processor is implemented by FPGA.Finally, the results of software simulation and hardware synthesizing are presented, and it comes out that the processor is able to run up to 146.7MHz on XC5VLX110T.