Abstract: In order to evaluate the influence of on-board JPEG-LS compression algorithm on image quality, and provide technical support for the setting of on-orbit compression ratio, with the application of high-resolution multi-mode satellites as the background, the image compression evaluation model is built from two aspects: objective evaluation of compression quality of typical scene data and application effects of typical tasks. Through the analysis of objective indicators such as two-dimensional distortion, spectral distortion, and spatial distortion of image quality before and after compression, and comparison of typical application effects such as image classification, target detection, feature extraction and matching, which provides objective index statistical data and application effect comparison data support for the impact of compression algorithms on image quality, confirming that the algorithm can meet user needs. At the same time, it provides suggestions for users' specific application needs, and supports the rational distribution and expansion of the on-orbit image data market.