Abstract: The satin bower bird optimization algorithm is a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. Due to its slow convergence rate and low optimization accuracy, a satin bower bird optimization based on adaptive t-distribution mutation (tSBO)algorithm is proposed. In the tSBO algorithm, an adaptive t distribution mutation operator is introduced, and the number of iterations of the algorithm is used as the parameter of the degree of freedom of the t distribution to enhance the diversity of the population and prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optimum.The improved algorithm is compared with FPA, BA and basic SBO algorithm through six standard test functions, and the simulation results show that the improved algorithm is feasible and effective. Compared with the basic SBO algorithm, the convergence precision and robustness are greatly improved.