Abstract: A distributed instrument control system based on wireless communication is proposed with a view to convenient installation of the system. The fully distributed wireless communication protocol based on the radio frequency chip is provided with carrier detection and collision avoidance mechanism to slove the problem that more than six stations can not transmit their packets to one station simultaneously. Furthermore the proposed master-slave update strategy has solved the data consistency problem in the distributed system. Based on these core technologies, the instrument control system is successfully developed and applied to the key laboratory.